Gender Equality A Fundamental Principle Of International...

Gender equality is a basic human right. Yet millions of women around the world continue to experience discrimination. Some laws prohibit women to access housing, land, and property. â€Å"Economic and social discrimination results in fewer and poorer life choices for women, rendering them vulnerable to trafficking† (Women’s Human Rights and Gender Equality). 30% of women globally is affected by gender-based violence. Gender equality is achieved when women and men enjoy the same rights and opportunities across all sectors of society, including economic participation and decision-making, and when the different behaviours, aspirations and needs of women and men are equally valued and favoured. The principle of equality of women and men and the corresponding prohibition of discrimination is a fundamental principle of international human rights law. Globally, 1 in 3 women will experience gender-based violence in her lifetime. It took decades of advocacy for gendered diversities to become effectively acknowledged as relevant to the international human rights system. In this process, the recognition that â€Å"women’s rights are human rights† played a central role. It is highly upsetting that we still need to fight to increase women’s access to and control over decision-making, land, technology, credit, livelihoods and other means of production and social protection. We fight for women’s political and economic empowerment. We need to help support women in taking on leadership roles andShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights Influence Administrative Law913 Words   |  4 PagesHuman rights influence administrative law in number of different ways: First, administrators by a mere submission to the existing administrative law principles can protect and promote human rights. Government administrators are expected to set exemplary roles in the protection of human rights. 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History of the Marine Nco Free Essays

Role of the Marine Non Commissioned Officer After the Vietnam War ended, the Marine Corps’ main focus changed from broad scale operations, to being an Expeditionary Force in Readiness. Although this was no new role for the United States Marine Corps (USMC), there have been many changes in society, technology and tactics that affect how the Corps operates. However, over the last 36 years one thing has remained the same, and that is the role of the Marine Non Commissioned Officer (NCO). We will write a custom essay sample on History of the Marine Nco or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the world changing ever so rapidly, the strong values and responsibilities of the Marine NCO are now, more than ever, necessary to carry out the operations being assigned to United States Marines. The role of the NCO is characterized by their leadership skills, ability to train and care for their subordinates, as well as their responsibility to enforce Marine Corps standards to ensure the proficiency of the Marines in their unit. 1 Strong NCO leadership is extremely crucial on the battlefield, particularly when it comes to small unit combat operations. The Marine NCO must have courage to be able to lead their Marines in the presence of danger. An excellent example of the courage shown by an NCO is portrayed through the actions of Sgt Dakota L. Meyer. On September 8th 2009 (Corporal at the time), Meyer’s unit was ambushed by over 50 Taliban insurgents. This turned into a six-hour fire-fight, in which he risked his life for his fellow service members. Meyer repeatedly exposed himself to enemy fire to rescue the wounded, and bring 13 U. S. Marines and Soldiers, as well as 23 Afghan National Army Soldiers to safety. Along with these actions he also killed over eight enemy combatants. For his actions, Sgt Meyer has been nominated for the Medal of Honor and is scheduled to receive it sometime in September 2011. Sgt Meyer’s outstanding leadership has proven how important the values of courage and selflessness are in the Marine Non Commissioned Officer. Another important responsibility of the NCO is to ensure their Marines ar e knowledgeable. During humanitarian aid missions like Operation Restore Hope (Somalia 1992) and Operation Unified Response (Haiti 2010), troops were deployed on short notice. It was imperative that these Marines understood the mission, and had the proper training before hand to carry out these tasks. The focus that NCOs put on training and preparedness was proven to be successful when it came time for their Marines to assist in expediting the relief efforts. The training Marines are given consists of maintaining annual qualifications, Military Occupational Specialty (MOS), and Professional Military Education. It is the responsibility of the Non Commissioned Officer to ensure that their junior Marines are completing rifle qualifications, physical fitness tests, swimming qualifications as well as any other yearly requirements. Marines should also be seeking knowledge in and outside of their MOS on a regular basis, and are encouraged to do so by their NCOs. The more knowledge Marines possess, the more successful they will be as individuals, as well as the USMC as a whole. The deep sense of professionalism and tradition is influenced heavily by the Marines who enforce the standards of the Corps. It is said that the Marine NCO is the Backbone of the Marine Corps. This can be attributed to the fact that it is the NCO, who enforces the regulations and standards of the Marine Corps. Non Commissioned Officers have a thorough understanding of Marine Corps Orders, and the Uniform Code of Military Justice. They make sure that Marines are conducting themselves professionally, and that they are proficient in their work. NCOs set the example by keeping a good personal appearance, attitude and sense of leadership at all times. These standards and traditions have remained strong until today because of strong NCOs. Throughout the many changes the world has experienced since the end of the Vietnam War, the Roles of the Marine Corps Non Commissioned Officer have remained the same. NCOs continuing to lead, train, set the example, and ensure Marine Corps standards are followed has contributed to the overall success of the Marine Corps. It is clear that one of the most important parts of the USMC is the role of the Marine Non Commissioned Officer. Bibliography History of the Marine NCO Student Guide. Quantico: United States Marine Corps EnlistedProfessional Military Education Curriculum Branch, 2011. The Marine Corps Organizational Structure Student Guide. Quantico: United States MarineCorps Enlisted Professional Military Education Curriculum Branch, 2010. Medal of Honor Sgt. Dakota Meyer Operation Enduring Freedom. Official U. S. Marine Corps Website: USMC Division of Public Affairs Media Team, 2011. http://www. marines. mil/community/Pages/MedalofHonorSgtDakotaMeyer-HeroicActions. aspx (accessedSeptember 7, 2011). Endnotes 1 History of the Marine NCO Student Guide. (Quantico: United States Marine Corps Enlisted Professional Military Education Branch, 2011), 5. 2 Medal of Honor Sgt. Dakota Meyer Operation Enduring Freedom. (Official U. S. Marine Corps Website: USMC Division of Public Affairs Media Team, 2011), http://www. marines. mil/ community/Pages/MedalofHonorSgtDakotaMeyer-HeroicActions. aspx (accessed September 7, 2011). How to cite History of the Marine Nco, Essay examples

Ethics and Governance Guide to Assessment†Free Samples

Question: Is leadership Essential to the Development of Ethical Decision Making in Modern Organisations? Answer: Ethic is the heart of leadership. The leader need to develop credibility to gain the followership of his people unethical behaviour of the leader can tarnished his reputation among his own men. That is reason the issue of leadership and ethics are interrelated with each other. The leader need to com across the different type of situation all the time is not that favourable for him the trial of the credibility of the leadership used to take place on the question of ethic. Immorality of the leader can lead the team towards the verge of immorality. That is reason the issue of ethics is closely related with the quality of the team at the same time. It can be said that the quality of the leader can determine the quality of the team. In their article J. Kent Donlevy, Keith D. Walker defined that the ethical leader of the organisation can build the team of integrity (Donlevy Walker, 2011). Human civilisation has come across its long past, in each phase of history it has experience the dominance different type of leader some of them has exemplify the value morality and ethical quality some of them follow the counter direction. Question of ethics is dominated by the situational demand. Leader does harbour certain power those power came from them can be use for the evil or the good act. Contemporary world has experience the outcome of unethical leadership the case of Enron Corporation (Low, 2013). That has impacted deeply in contemporary business scenario. The noted business personality such as Rupert Murdoch also has got involve in phone hacking scandal in recent time. These are the example that has generated negative impact over the stake holder of the companies at the same time it may de- motivate the future stake holder of the same organisation. World history doesnt support unethical leaders rather it depicts annihilation of all the unethical leadership. Fall of Nazi Germany and leadership of Adolf Hitler is the prime example in this regard. After second world war worlds has experience downfall of the different autocratic reign such as Communism in Russia, Soviet reign in Western Europe, fall of dictatorship in Philippine is the indicator of the fate of the corrupt leadership (Goetsch Davis, 2014). It is also evident the issue of morality and ethics can bind the liberty of the leader. The leader cannot exhibit his capability if he cannot use his own power the issue of ethics can make the leader puppet and minimise his efficiency to lead the team. The question of ethics is one of the major questions for todays leadership the ethics can be personal as well as the community ethics. the source of ethics for one individual is laying in the world view he does harbour if the leader is biased regarding certain issue the leaded team cannot get emancipation from the that. The question of pragmatism is one of the major questions in this regard (Ciulla, 2014). Human has his own limitation every one can accepted everything the issue of the biased behaviour can get suppressed by the success that has been demonstrated by the leader to his follower. The success of Rupert Murdoch is phenomenal at the same the name of Bill Gates can get mentioned in this regard. If the ability of the leader got delimited by the constrain of the value and ethics he cannot show the face of success to his follower that is the reason it can be said the ethics should not be the barrier of the success. In initial phase of the Third Rich Germany witnessed a notable economic miracle that got possible due to the dictatorial rule of Adolph Hitler (Fives, 2015). The contemporary global politics started to realise it in a different way. In US Victory of Donald Trump is one of the indicators of this realisation. Contemporary International politics has started to witness uprising of ultra rightist and conservative attitude in the different part of the world such as US, UK as well as in India. Opinion of the global population is offering value to the autocratic leadership over the traditional ethical value (Normore Brooks, 2014). The quality of the leadership is always getting evaluated on the basis of the ethical stand point of the leadership. Time always judge the quality on that basis only. Ethics is the moral brunch of Philosophy. It dos deal with right and wrong. The notion of right and wrong is depending up on the circumstances (Lee et al.,2011). Human civilisation always appreciate those leader who follow the path of ethics the leader such as Abraham Lincoln has contributed a sustainable impact over the human civilisation not one his own country rather all over the world. Only ethical leadership can be sustainable and can offer a sustainable impact in the society. The contribution of the ethical leader can offer different value to the company from the perspective of the stake holder of the organisation. As an example name of the Indian company Tata can be taken (Zhu et al.,2011). The company was the initiative of noted entrepreneur Jamsedji Tata. Tata has collected a great reputation in the world marke t the leader of the conglomerate Jamshedji has got acceptance as the great visionary leader for the organisation. The quality of the first leadership started to work as the inspiration for the future leaders of the organisation. The legacy of the leadership got started by Jamshedji Tata works as the major inspiration for the good leadership in the company. After Jamshedji famous business leader such as JRD Tata, Ratan Tata took the responsibility of the organisation and follows the path of the founder. The company never get involved in any scandalous controversy in its 150 years history. This organisation has made involve itself in the great philanthropic work ( Ciulla, 2013). The contribution of the organisation used gets considered as the most important contribution a private enterprise ever made in its country of origin. The contribution of the company has been treated as respected infrastructure of the country. From this perspective it can be said that the contribution of ethica l leadership is ling lasting and can give birth of ethical generation. Pragmatism is one of the major concerns of contemporary time. Result orientation of the endeavour is one of the major demands of the time. Todays world is highly competitive in nature (Groves LaRocca, 2011). The organisation always consider the issue related with ROI that is reason the leader is always accountable for the result that the team can produce the performance of the team and instant result is the prime concern of the leadership in this regard. The issue of ethics cannot add any extra value in this regard. The question of ethics is related it the credibility of the leadership. The issue of reverence over certain brand is depending up on the ethical position of the leader of the organisation and the quality that he can produce by his ethical behaviour. The concept of value leadership is also count ethical stand of the leader as the quality of the leadership for the team as well as for the organisation. Stake holder value and the brand equity of the organisation are two area of concern to judge the quality of the organisational performance. If the success of the leadership can get achieve through the ethical practice that can be treated as the reward for the organisation the sustainability of the reputation can help to get the added brand value that happen in case of Tata. The organisation can establish its credibility and gain greater patronage from the different level for the trust worthy ethical leadership ( Northouse, 2012). The issue of ethics some time become critical factor at the time of the crucial judgement by the leader. In their article J. Kent Donlevy, Keith D. Walker has identified the first five years of the new leader as the year of the moral development. In this formative phase the new leader develop their moral credibility but at the same time they need to develop their accountability to the follower as well as to the stakeholder of the organisation (Hannah, Avolio Walumbwa, 2011). Balance sheet is the indicator of the business performance rather the ethical performance of the organisation. The performance level of the company can get judge by the value of the decision that has been taken by the leadership. In this case the formative years of the leader are the most important time to show the performance and earn the credibility. If the moral stand cannot act as the facilitator rather barrier it will be very difficult for the new leader to achieve the optimum position. In order to gain the position of the desire the leader need to lead the tram towards that direction irrespective the moral or ethical situation of the organisation that has been believed by many. In the article J. Kent Donlevy, Keith D. Walker admits that the influence of contextual demand can mislead the leaders from the ethical position and compel them to adopt a contradictory stand. It can be said in this context that the authors of the article has realised the position of ethics that it cannot be the parameter of performance (Grohar-Murray et al.,2016). In conclusion it can be said that the issue of ethics is important for all the time. In their article on leadership and ethics J. Kent Donlevy, Keith D. Walker has discussed regarding the ethical challenge that can the issue of the leadership practice of the organisation. In history world has witnessed different type of unethical practice of the leadership and its empirical study is indicating that unethical practice of the leadership cannot sustain any more. After considering all the possibility it can be said that the ethics can work as the facilitator rather barrio for the leadership. Leader can maintain the standard of their practice and earn credibility from all the corner through the ethical practice (Derr, 2012). References: Ciulla, J. B. (2013).Leadership ethics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Ciulla, J. B. (Ed.). (2014).Ethics, the heart of leadership. ABC-CLIO. Derr, C. L. (2012). Ethics and leadership.Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics,9(6), 66. Donlevy, J. and Walker, K. (2011).Working Through Ethics in Education and Leadership. 1st ed. Netherlands: Sense Publishers, pp.9-20. Donlevy, J. K., Walker, K. D. (2011). Leadership and ethics. InWorking through ethics in education and leadership(pp. 9-20). SensePublishers. Fives, A. (2015). Parents, Children and Good Leadership: Is Parental Authority Compatible with Childrens Freedom?.Leadership and Ethics, 211. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Grohar-Murray, M. E., DiCroce, H. R., Langan, J. C. (2016).Leadership and management in nursing. Pearson. Groves, K. S., LaRocca, M. A. (2011). An empirical study of leader ethical values, transformational and transactional leadership, and follower attitudes toward corporate social responsibility.Journal of Business Ethics,103(4), 511-528. Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O. (2011). Relationships between authentic leadership, moral courage, and ethical and pro-social behaviors.Business Ethics Quarterly,21(04), 555-578. Lee, K. M., Yang, J. S., Kim, G., Lee, J., Goh, K. I., Kim, I. M. (2011). Impact of the topology of global macroeconomic network on the spreading of economic crises.PloS one,6(3), e18443. Low, P. K. C. (2013). Leadership and Ethics. InLeading Successfully in Asia(pp. 23-35). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Normore, A. H., Brooks, J. S. (Eds.). (2014).Educational leadership for ethics and social justice: Views from the social sciences. Northouse, P. G. (2012).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage. Zhu, W., Avolio, B. J., Riggio, R. E., Sosik, J. J. (2011). The effect of authentic transformational leadership on follower and group ethics.The Leadership Quarterly,22(5), 801-817.

Pregnancy assignment Essay Example

Pregnancy assignment Essay Mother 0-40 weeks 4-5 weeks This is about the time that you will miss your first period but you may not realize youre pregnant. 6-7 weeks We will write a custom essay sample on Pregnancy assignment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pregnancy assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pregnancy assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer You may feel more tiered than ever or you may vomit or not even feel any of these. A test will confirm youre pregnant. 8-9 weeks There is a rapid rise in the production of hormones from the placenta and ovary to adapt for pregnancy, so you may feel nauseous. Your wombs sufficiently large for a doctor to confirm that you are pregnant, by internal examination. 10 weeks You may start to notice that you are putting on weight and your bones; breasts in particular may be getting heavier. Buy a good support bra. 12 weeks You have now missed two periods and have no doubts that you are pregnant. You may notice increased skin pigmentation in various parts of your body, and a brown line may appear up the middle of your stomach. You may still be nauseous and vomiting. 16 weeks This is the stage of pregnancy that may test for normality is carried out and you may have another ultrasound scan. All morning sickness will normally have disappeared as you enter the stage that most women look their best. Your pregnancy may start to show although if you start to have good abdomen muscles and on the small side. Your tighter clothes will start to not fit you now. 20 weeks If this is your first pregnancy you will probably feel the baby for the first time. You may get a fluttering sensation as your pregnancy progresses, these movements become definite kicks and you will be able to tell whether the elbow/bottom or foot is doing the kicking. Tell your midwife or gp when you first feel a movement. 24 weeks Your abdomen in getting large as time is passing and you may start to develop stretch marks. A doctor may be able to hear your babys heartbeat ask to listen. The increasing size and weight of your womb will also affect your posture, and you will throw back your shoulders and stick your bottom in and relax if you take regular exercise this helps. This is the time your shoes need to be comfortable because you are gaining weight and try to spend time with your feet up. 26 weeks Your heart and lungs are now doing 50% more work than they did before you were pregnant make sure that your eating well. 28 weeks You will probably start having antenatal appointments every two weeks from now on. This is the earliest which you can begin your maternity leave, if you work consider when you might want to stop working you must give 21 days notice, make sure you are getting plenty of sleep and enough rest. 30 weeks Most babies have now turned head down in the womb and are likely to stay here. The upward pressure on your abdomen may take more time and more difficultly to breathe properly. If you have other children make arrangements now for their care even if you have a home birth, and its best prepared incase something goes wrong. 34 weeks Kicks and punches will now be very clear. If you have stopped work spend time relaxing, read a book, go for a walk, rest. Make sure you are getting plenty of sleep and eat well. 36 weeks The pressure of the head on you bladder may make you want to urinate frequently including at night so that getting a good nights sleep may be difficult. Try to catch up during the day. From now on your antenatal appointments will be every week. Pack your bag for hospital and keep important phone numbers handy. Make sure you can always contact your partner if you need him. You may feel quite strong contractions of you abdomen know as braxton hicks contractions, they occur through pregnancy. 40 Weeks Get plenty of rest catnaps during the day to make up for the lost sleep at night. If you feel up for it go for a walk or swim. If not trying to relax in a bath. Many women get an urge to spring clean, tidying. Out pops a newborn baby!!!! Pregnancy Symptoms In addition to the change in monthly cycle here are a few of the other early pregnancy symptoms that you can expect to notice. Nausea Nausea coupled with vomiting are often early signs of pregnancy and can start within a few weeks of contraception although referred to as morning sickness, it can actually be at anytime during the day. It will affect you at the same time everyday for a few weeks. You need to be drinking plenty of fluids to avoid becoming dehydrated. Spotting Sometimes a slight spotting will occur approx 8-10 days after ovulation. Its light amount of bleeding not painful or harming you. This spotting is caused by fertilized egg as it attaches itself to the endometrias lining of the uterus. Fatigue A feeling of over whelming fatigue, around 3rd to 4th week until the second trimester at which time you will experience a sudden burst of energy, caused by changes in your body. Breast tenderness Generally during the first month of conception, you will start o experience tenderness in one or both breasts. You will find even a slight touch will cause discomfort and they may swell. The veins in the breast become more visible and the nipples darken in color and become more erect. Wear a good support bra. Frequent urination More trips to the bathroom. The uterus growing and swelling as it makes room for the growing fetus. Growth puts pressure on the uterus, adds pressure to bladder. As the fetus grows you will be making more trips. Lightheadedness or fainting This occurs during the first few months as your body changes because your now nourishing another life and you will need an increased supply if you dont eat frequent, small amounts, your blood sugar levels may drop, making you dizzy or light headed. Confirmation Pregnancy test HCG- (human chlorionic gonadotrophin) in present in the urine of pregnant women and reach the highest level at 8th week can be detected 10 days to 16 weeks after contraception. Enlargement of uterus. Diet During Pregnancy Pregnant women need to eat a healthy balanced diet. A healthy diet during pregnancy: 1. Fruit and vegetables- at least 5 portions a day 2. Sugar and fat- only a very small amount 3. Dairy- low fat is best 4. Meat, fish and eggs- more protein foods should be eaten in pregnancy. 5. Carbohydrates- needed for energy Food requirement Why pregnant women need it. Where it is found Folic acid Prevents spina bifida in the body Fruit green leafy vegetables, beans, potatoes, carrots breakfast cereal, bread Vitamin c For healthy skin, heal wounds and prevent scurvy, pregnant women need more so some goes to the baby. Fresh fruit and vegetables Calcium Helps babys bones develop Dairy products and leafy vegetables Iron Bay stores enough iron for six months after birth Red meat, eggs, apricots, bread and cereal Fibre Avoids constipation Fruit, vegetables and whole meal bread Vegetarian mums Vegetarian mums need to make sure they get enough protein by having extra eggs and milk. Vegetarian mums need to take vitamin B12 supplements- this is found only in animal protein and is needed for fetal development and breast feeding. Some foods should be avoided: Unpateurised milk e.g. Pate, uncooked meat can contain bacteria. Listeria infections cause miscarriage, stillbirth and other damages to the baby. Raw eggs- food made with raw eggs e.g. mayonnaise can cause salmonella. Reheated ready meals- cause risk of food poisoning and tux plasmodia, which can cause brain damages in the body, miscarriage and stillbirth. Peanuts- can give baby a nut allergy, which is very dangerous and can kill. Tuna- Tuna causes enough mercury to damage fetus. Exercise, Posture and Rest Theres no reason for a women to stop exercising because shes pregnant. * Exercise keeps muscles toned * Exercise stops women from putting o too much weight during pregnancy. * Regular exercise helps sleep, after exercise its easier to relax. * Labor and birth are hard work. Like all hard work its much easier to do if youre fit. Exercise such as horse riding, skiing, snowboarding is not suitable for pregnant women. Exercise also helps: * Constipation * Backache * Fatigue * Varicose veins * Circulation problems * Meeting other mums to be Exercise boosts your immune system and provides the circulation and energy levels needed to help you conceive enjoy your pregnancy and prepare you body fro labor. Posture Tips * Kneel or squat to pick things up dont bend over * When getting up from lying down, roll on to your side and get up. * Sit up straight in a chair and use a cushion fro support Good posture Standing tall, spine is straight and the weight is nicely balanced. Bad posture The spine is arched and the bum is sticking out too much. Rest Pregnant women need some rest every day. Just an hour or so with feet up takes pressure off legs and back and prevents varicose veins and backache. Effects of Smoking, Drugs, Alcohol and Rubella on Fetus Smoking The thousands of chemicals in cigarette smoke (including second hand smoke) such as carbon monoxide and nicotine are toxins that move through your bloodstream and harm your developing baby. When you smoke your baby is confined in a smoke filled womb and this is reducing the flow of oxygen to your baby. The nicotine can cause your babys heart rate to increase (as well as yours) and can damage and decrease your babys supply of nutrients because of your increased blood pressure and blood vessel constriction. The baby will be born smaller than others. Theres a chance of miscarriage and stillbirth. Drugs * Drugs can also cross the placenta and get into the babys blood * Illegal drugs like ecstasy; cocaine, heroin, LSD, amphetamines, cannabis and solvents can damage the developing fetus. * Babies become addicted to illegal drugs if the mother takes them during pregnancy they are born addicted, and suffer withdrawal symptoms when theyre born. Addicted babies are smaller than usual with a high pitched, wailing cry. And its difficult to get them to sleep. * Prescription drugs can also harm the developing fetus. Alcohol * Alcohol can pass across the placenta to the fetuss blood. * It can interfere with growth of the fetus * Even worse it can severely affect development of the brain. * Damage to brain and nervous system caused by alcohol is called fetal alcohol syndrome Rubella German measles this disease is very dangerous in the first four months. If it survives the 9 months and is born it may be born deaf, blind, have a heart disease or a learning difficulty. Antenatal Care Antenatal Care appointments are your opportunity to find out all you need to know about your pregnancy, as well as a chance to monitor you and your developing babys health. Where do you have it? Hospitals where babies are born have antenatal clinics other places are: 1. With your family doctor 2. With community midwifes 3. In your own home, midwife or doctor visits you What happens? Your first antenatal appointment will probably be your booking in appointment usually about 8-12 weeks. Youll be asked a number of questions about your health your family history and any previous pregnancies. The aim is to get a good basic idea of your pregnancy so far. Routine Checks at the other appointments are: * Blood pressure * Weight * Palpation- feeling your tummy * Listening to your babys heart * Questions about your babys movements * Urine tests * Checking any swelling in your legs arms or face * Questions about how you feel How often? Not counting appointments for scans or other hospital based tests, you can expect to have appointments every four weeks after week 12 every 2 weeks from week 32 every week during the last three or four weeks. Antenatal care clinical guideline covers: * The care women can expect to receive from their midwife and doctors during their pregnancy, whether they plan to give birth at home or in hospital * The information given is expected * What they can afford from antenatal appointments * Aspects of their lifestyle that they may want to consider (such as diet exercise, alcohol, drugs intake sexual activity and smoking) * Routine screening tests fro specific conditions * Occupational risk factors in pregnancy * What will happen if pregnancy goes beyond 41 weeks * What will happen if the baby is bottom first (known as breech position) for the birth Antenatal Care The uterus is checked 1. The midwife/doctor feels the uterus to check how big the fetus is, where it is in the uterus and if its moving. 2. The uterus is measured. The distance from the pubic bone to the top of the uterus, gives a good idea of fetal far along the pregnancy is. 3. From 16 weeks onwards, the midwife/doctor listens to the fetal heartbeat with a stethoscope. Urine samples are tested 1. Keystones are compound from in the urine when the bodys dehydrated. She may need extra fluids via a drip. 2. Glucose in the urine is a sign of gestational diabetes, which usually goes away after birth. 3. Protein in the urine is a sign of bladder and kidney infections and pre-edampsia causes high blood pressure, headaches, swelling, abdominal pains and weight gain. Women with sever pre- eclipse need to be in hospital and maybe have the birth induced before its due. Untreated pre eclipse leads to eclipse fits, organ failure and death of mother and baby. Height, Weight and Blood pressure are checked 1. Measuring height and weight gives a good idea of size of the pregnant womens pelvis. 2. Most pregnant women put on about 10-12kg during the pregnancy none of thats down to the baby theres amniotic fluid, placenta umbilical cord and fat stored ready for milk production 3. Not gaining weight can mean the fetus has stopped growing or died 4. Blood pressure is checked a big increase in blood pressure is a sign of pre- eclipse. Screening and diagnostic tests check for problems Ultra sound 1. Uses high frequency sound to get a picture of the fetus. 2. The womans belly is coated with gel and a hand held scanner is moved back and forth over it 3. A grainy black and white picture of the baby appears on the monitor 4. Its easy to see if the woman is having twins, and doctors can tell sex of the baby. The size of the babys head gives a good idea of long the pregnancy is, which means you can work out the due date. Blood tests are taken 1. Anemia is a lack of iron in the blood it makes the woman feel tiered and worn out. 2. Immunity from rubella is tested sexually transmitted diseases are checked for too. 3. Blood group and Rhesus factor are checked complications can arise of the mother has rhesus negative blood, but the baby has rhesus positive. 4. Hepatitis B and care viruses that cause liver disease mother and baby can both be treated 5. Blood sugar levels are checked to see if the woman has gestational diabetes. Serum Screening (Triple Tests) 1. Measure the levels of two hormones and a protein called alpha-fetoprotein in the mothers blood between 15+18 weeks pregnant. 2. Very high levels of AFP many mean its twins, or very rarely that the baby might have spina bifida or even the woman is more than 18 weeks pregnant. 3. Low levels of AFP can mean the baby has downs syndrome or that the woman is less than 15 weeks pregnant. If there is a risk of downs syndrome mother is offered amniocentesis. Amniocentesis 1. A needle is inserted through the mothers skin, into the uterus and into the amniotic sac. Same amniotic fluid is taken and the fetal cells it contains are tested. 2. The test shows up abnormalities like downs syndrome and spina bifida its only done if the blood test shows there a risk or if the mothers older than average. Chronic Villous Sampling 1. A needle is inserted through the mothers skin and through the wall of the uterus; a sample of the placenta is removed and tested. 2. The test detects downs syndrome its done if theres a family history or inherited problems or if the mother is older than average.

Free Essays on Mental Health Reform

Mental Health Reform: What It Would Really Take In today’s society there is a greater awareness of mental illnesses. With this greater awareness one might assume that there would be a substantial increase in government involvement or funding in the area of mental illness treatment. Unfortunately this isn’t the case in the U.S. today. There are hundreds of thousands of people with mental illness that go untreated. These potential patients go untreated for many reasons. These reasons are discussed in the Time article â€Å"Mental Health Reform: What Would it Really Take. The article gives some examples of what has happened to people that have not received mental treatment due to lack of government funding. These mentally ill people often don’t receive treatment because the police are often picking up the mentally ill and they are not trained to diagnose mental problems so the problems go unnoticed. This can prove to be fatal. The article tells about a New York man who asked to be hospitalized because he was terrified of phantom voices instead of the correct treatment budget conscious officials most often referred him to short term emergency care. Last year the man in a psychotic state shoved a woman from a subway platform to her death under the wheels of the train. The article also discusses some possible solutions that could help stop such tragedies. The main person that is speaking out for more government aid is vice-president’s wife Tipper Gore. Tipper openly states that she too has suffered from mental illness. She says tha t she had suffered with depression for a period of time. She is advocating an increase in government funding to improve access to care for others. She would also like employers to help by providing equal insurance coverage for mental and physical health. Currently insurance plans can charge higher co-payments for psychaitric visits than for other medical care. I feel that even if the proposa... Free Essays on Mental Health Reform Free Essays on Mental Health Reform Mental Health Reform: What It Would Really Take In today’s society there is a greater awareness of mental illnesses. With this greater awareness one might assume that there would be a substantial increase in government involvement or funding in the area of mental illness treatment. Unfortunately this isn’t the case in the U.S. today. There are hundreds of thousands of people with mental illness that go untreated. These potential patients go untreated for many reasons. These reasons are discussed in the Time article â€Å"Mental Health Reform: What Would it Really Take. The article gives some examples of what has happened to people that have not received mental treatment due to lack of government funding. These mentally ill people often don’t receive treatment because the police are often picking up the mentally ill and they are not trained to diagnose mental problems so the problems go unnoticed. This can prove to be fatal. The article tells about a New York man who asked to be hospitalized because he was terrified of phantom voices instead of the correct treatment budget conscious officials most often referred him to short term emergency care. Last year the man in a psychotic state shoved a woman from a subway platform to her death under the wheels of the train. The article also discusses some possible solutions that could help stop such tragedies. The main person that is speaking out for more government aid is vice-president’s wife Tipper Gore. Tipper openly states that she too has suffered from mental illness. She says tha t she had suffered with depression for a period of time. She is advocating an increase in government funding to improve access to care for others. She would also like employers to help by providing equal insurance coverage for mental and physical health. Currently insurance plans can charge higher co-payments for psychaitric visits than for other medical care. I feel that even if the proposa...

Self-Contained Classrooms

Self-Contained Classrooms Self-contained classrooms are classrooms specifically designated for children with disabilities. Self-contained programs are usually indicated for children with more serious disabilities who may not be able to participate in general education programs at all. These disabilities include autism, emotional disturbances, severe intellectual disabilities, multiple handicaps and children with serious or fragile medical conditions.  Students assigned to these programs have often been assigned to less restrictive (see LRE) environments and have failed to succeed, or they started in targeted programs designed to help them succeed. Requirements LRE (Least Restrictive Environment) is the legal concept found in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act that requires schools to place children with disabilities most like the settings where their general education peers will be taught. School districts are required to offer a full continuum of placements from the most restrictive (self-contained) to the least restrictive (full inclusion.) Placements should be made in the best interest of the children rather than the convenience of the school. Students placed in self-contained classrooms should be spending some time in the general education environment, if only for lunch.  The goal of an effective self-contained program is to increase the amount of time that the student spends in the general education environment.  Often students in self-contained programs go to specials art, music, physical education or humanities, and participate with the support of classroom para-professionals.  Students in programs for children with emotional disturbances usually spend part of their day on an expanding basis in the appropriate grade level class.  Their academics may be supervised by the general education teacher while they receive support from their special education teacher in managing difficult or challenging behaviors.  Often, in the course of a successful year, the student may move from self-contained to a less restrictive setting, such as resource or even consult. The only placement more restrictive than a self-contained classroom is a residential placement, where students are in a facility that is as much treatment as it is education. Some districts have special schools made up of only self-contained classrooms, which might be considered halfway between self-contained and residential since the schools are not close to students homes. Other Names Self-contained settings, Self-contained programs Example: Due to Emilys anxiety and self-injurious behavior, her IEP team decided that a self-contained classroom for students with Emotional Disturbances would be the best place to keep her safe.

Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Literature review Example ke your feelings out in an email, saying something like, â€Å"You haven’t responded yet,† or â€Å"You ignored my first email.† Just maintain an extremely polite tone throughout the entire email thread. Showing that you’re friendly and that you understand how busy your contact is a good way to keep him or her interested (and not mad). Sending a follow-up email every day doesn’t show you have gumption or passion, it shows you don’t respect a person’s time. The general rule of thumb is to give at least a week before following up. Any sooner and it might come off as pushy; let too much time pass and you risk the other person not having any clue who you are exactly. I typically start off with an email every week, and then switch to every couple of weeks. If you’ve followed up a few times and still haven’t heard back, it’s worth directly asking if you should stop following up. After all, you don’t want to waste your time, either. I’ll sometimes say, â€Å"I know how busy you are and completely understand if you just haven’t had the time to reach back out. But I don’t want to bombard you with emails if you’re not interested. Just let me know if you’d prefer I stop following up.† Most people respect honesty and don’t want to waste someone’s time, and they’ll at least let you know one way or another. I once had someone trying to sell me something that I was remotely interested in but that was nowhere near the top of my priority list. Every week, he’d send me a new email quickly re-explaining what he sold—as well as a suggestion for good pizza to try around the city. Why? He had seen a blog post where I mentioned I’d eat pizza 24/7 if I could, and cleverly worked that into his follow-up. It made him stand out in a good way, and as a result, we eventually had a call. The lesson: If done well, a little creativity in your follow up can go a long way. If you’re following up about a job, try Alexandra Franzen’s tips for giving the